Hyperpigmentation refers to skin discoloration. It is visible in the form of dark spots and patches. The causes can vary from exposure to the sun, an eczema flare-up, or a particularly bad breakout. The roots of every type of hyperpigmentation all start with melanin, the pigment in our skin. 

Essentially, hyperpigmentation is caused by the overproduction of melanin that becomes visible on the skin and especially the face. And even the aftermath of breakouts can cause hyperpigmentation.

However, hyperpigmentation is more common than you think, most people experience it at some point in their lives. But there are different types of hyperpigmentation out there. These include:

Caused by overexposure to the harmful UV rays, it mostly affects skin areas like the face, neck, forearms, and hands that are most prone to exposure.

This is the term for the skin discoloration that is caused by acne, eczema, a rash, or a cut.

They manifest as patches of discoloration usually on the cheeks, the bridge of the nose, the forehead, the chin, and above the upper lip.

They're linked to genetics, but may become darker and more visible with UV exposure.

Here are things that you can do to avoid further damage and prevent further pigmentation:

A. Avoid the sun

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Sun rays stimulate excessive melanin production, so in order to get rid of the pigmentation, you'll have to stop stepping out in the sun.  More importantly, wear sunblock every day. Use an SPF of 30 or more, reapplying every two hours if you're out for extended periods of time.

B. Don't pick or scratch at your skin

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If you get any pimples, it's important not to pick at them. This is because picking at them can lead to a permanent dark mark or scar. In fact, even scratching mosquito bitesâcan lead to the darkening of the skin.

C. Choose products with the right ingredients

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Look for a product that combines a lightening agent such as kojic acid, licorice extract, or mushroom extract, and a retinol formula or an exfoliating agent such as glycolic and lactic acids.

Additionally, you'll also want to use ingredients that can help treat the damaged epidermal layer. If this sounds too confusing, consulting a dermatologist is ideal. The idea is to get a chemical exfoliator, a hydrating cream that keeps the skin intact and retinol that heals the skin to nix any dark spots.

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